I can never get tired of U.S. Flag history!

January 26, 2009

Is it just me? Does anyone else still have a holiday exhaustion? I just can’t seem to get my head straight. Maybe it’s because I still have a gift or two that need exchanging. Shhh! Don’t tell my mom. She thinks I really loved all of my gifts. Oh, who knows. I might just keep the stuff – I always feel guilty telling someone I didn’t really like a gift. But seriously: what am I going to do with a ceramic cat statue? I’m allergic to the real thing. I think my mom thought I liked cats, but couldn’t be around them without sneezing, so she got this thing for me. It’s kind of funny, I guess. But, as psychosomatic as it sounds, I get the slightest feeling that I might sneeze whenever I look at it. Oh boy!

John Adams Miniseries

John Adams Miniseries

So, did everyone have a good start to the new year? Anyone make and break a resolution yet? I made a resolution to not eat so many hot dogs. I do need to maintain my girlish figure. If I keep eating hot dogs, I’ll never fit in to one of those beautiful evening gowns that all of the pretty actresses wore to the Golden Globes. Yes… I am a girl, and I loooooove me some awards shows! I was really excited about this year’s awards show, though, because a really good TV mini-series that I absolutely adored was nominated for a few awards: HBO made a mini-series out of historian David McCullough’s Pulitzer Prize winning biography, John Adams. I’m happy to announce, in case you missed the Golden Globes ceremony, that HBO’s John Adams swept the four categories in which it was nominated. Paul Giamatti won Best Actor for his portrayal of our second U.S. President, John Adams. Actress Laura Linney won Best Actress as Adams’ wife, Abagail, and Tom Wilkinson won Best Supporting Actor as Benjamin Franklin. Last but certainly not least, John Adams the mini-series won, uh, yeah, Best Mini-Series. :-) Okay… I will stop gushing about this now. But I will recommend that If you have not seen the HBO series or read the McCullough book, you should consider snatching up both. They’re very good.

Now that I’m done with all of the goofy stuff, I need to continue telling you all the story about the creation of the American Flag. A couple weeks ago we learned that Betsy Ross did not experience creative genius when sewing the first flag. By the way, boys and girls, the history of Betsy Ross even sewing the first American Flag is rather foggy. It is a true fact that she was a seamstress and flag maker, and there is evidence that she participated in flag projects. But proof that Betsy Ross sewed the first Star Spangled Banner is not to be found anywhere, and is more less a historical fairy tale. Sorry, Betsy. I still love ya!

First Navy Jack Flag

First Navy Jack Flag

Okay, so where were we? Oh yeah… several flags from Great Britain and Scotland hold great significance in the design of Old Glory. Britain’s King’s Colors inspired the red, white and blue. English flags such as the Red Ensign and the British Red Ensign, flown from British ships, inspired our flag’s layout design: a canton (where our star field is located), and a field (where we see the alternating 13 red and white stripes). So. Those red and white stripes. Where did those come from? The alternating red and white stripes were actually designed for one of the first flags to represent the 13 colonies. The flag was called the Continental Navy Jack, and is believed to have flown aboard the Continental Fleet’s flagship Alfred. Adorned ahead of the 13 stripes on this flag is a rattlesnake, and below the serpent there are the words, “Don’t Tread on Me.” The snake, and the statement, were put on the flag as a warning to the British monarchy. The Continental Navy Jack still exists today, and actually on May 23, 2002, the Secretary of the Navy announcced that it would be revived for all US Navy vessels beginning September 11, 2002. The flag will be flown until the end of the global war on terrorism. The Ensign flags, with their field and canton design, and the Continental Navy Jack with its 13 stripes, were the starting ground for the design of Old Glory. However, we still have s’more history to sift through before we actually get to the design we’re familiar with.

In the winter of 1775, American colonists began flying a flag that looked similar our national flag but, instead of a blue background and stars in the canton, it adorned something that looked like Britain’s King’s Colors. The flag was called a number of names: The Continental Colors, The Cambridge Flag, The Congress Flag, and the Grand Union Flag. Despite all of the names it became the unofficial flag of the U.S. Navy in 1777.

Alrighty then. So, you remember a couple minutes ago when I told you that the Betsy Ross story was kind of a fairy tale, right? I bet you started thinking to yourself, “Well if she didn’t make the flag, then who did?” I can end that suspense for ya. There was this guy, Francis Hopkinson, and he had his hands in a little bit of everything. He was New Jersey’s delegate to the Continental Congress, a member of the Marine Committee, and a member of the Navy Committee, too. Plus, he was one of the fine gentlemen with exquisite penmanship who signed the Declaration of Independence. He was a busy dude. LOL! Anyway, as history goes, the United States flew the unofficial Continental Colors Flag (or whichever name you’d like to call it) for for almost a full year following the first Independence Day in 1776. It’s said that Hopkinson, while serving as a member of the Navy Board, wanted to deep six (did you catch the Naval term? hee hee) the King’s Colors design in the canton. He thought our ships, which flew the unofficial flag, needed a new ensign, so he began a new design with stars over a blue background. Now, if y’all know anything about politics, Congress can be a fickle bunch. But Hopkinson’s flag design must’ve been something jazzy, because in June of 1777, Congress accepted his design.

The American Flag was taking real shape now, but she still had a ways to go. A little bit, anyway. You see, the stars in the canton were not always the same. Some had six points, and some flags had eight points on a star. Could you imagine having to doodle a star with eight points? I have enough trouble with the five-pointed variety! Ughh. It wasn’t until sometime in the early 1780’s that the American Flag started being produced that showed the stars we know of today. Mullets! HAHA! No, not that kind of mullet! That’s what a star with five points is referred to as. How, over the course of history, a hairdo would find itself sharing the same name with a five-pointed star is beyond my wildest imagination. So, yeah, it was about 1781 when the single design using the mullet star was established. And at some point in 1783, a couple years after the end of the Revolutionary War, and around about the same time that the U.S. Signed a peace treaty with Great Britain, The United States, flying a flag with 13 stars and 13 alternating red and white stripes, was officially recognized internationally as a nation of it’s own.

Well that’s about all the history can I write about today. I’ve got much more to come so check back periodically because there’s never not enough information on flags for me :)

Lexi


Alabama State Flag

January 13, 2009
Alabama State Flag

Alabama State Flag

The Alabama state flag features a crimson St. Andrew’s cross on a white field, patterned after the Confederate Battle Flag, and adopted in 1895. The bars forming the cross must not be less than six inches broad and must extend diagonally across the flag from side to side. Flag was adopted in 1895.


Alaska State Flag

January 13, 2009

 

Alaska State Flag

Alaska State Flag

Alaska adopted the flag for official state use in 1959. The blue field represents the sky, the sea, and mountain lakes, as well as Alaska’s wildflowers. Emblazoned on the flag are eight gold stars: seven from the constellation Ursa Major, or the Big Dipper. The eighth being the North Star, representing the northern most state.

Alaska’s flag as designed in 1926 by a 13-year-old Native American boy, Bennie Benson, from the village of Chignik. Bennie received a 1,000-dollar scholarship and a watch for his winning entry in the flag design contest.


Arizona State Flag

January 13, 2009
Arizona State Flag

Arizona State Flag

The Arizona State flag features 13 rays of red and gold on the top half of the flag represent both the 13 original colonies of the Union, and the rays of the Western setting sun. Red and gold were also the colors carried by Coronado’s Spanish expedition in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola in 1540. The bottom half of the flag has the same Liberty blue as the United States flag. Since Arizona was the largest producer of copper in the nation, a copper star was placed in the flag’s center.


Arkansas State Flag

January 13, 2009
Arkansas State Flag

Arkansas State Flag

This Arkansas state flag has a red background with a blue-bordered white diamond. The symbolism behind this design is quite complex. For example, the diamond represents Arkansas’ status as the only diamond bearing state in the union (although this is no longer true after diamonds were discovered in Montana and Colorado). There are 25 stars around the diamond border are because Arkansas was the 25th state to join the union. The star above the word Arkansas represents the Confederate States of America while the three stars below actually represent three different things. Arkansas has belonged to three nations (France, Spain and the United States), the Louisiana Purchase brought Arkansas into the U.S. in 1803 and Arkansas was the third state to form the Louisiana Purchase. The flag was created by Willie Kavanaugh Hocker in a 1912 contest.


California State Flag

January 13, 2009

 

California State Flag

California State Flag

Often called the “Bear flag”, the California flag was raised at Sonoma on June 14, 1846, by a group of American settlers in revolt against Mexican rule. The flag was designed by William Todd on a piece of new unbleached cotton. The star imitated the lone star of Texas. A grizzly bear represented the many bears seen in the state. The word, “California Republic” was placed beneath the star and bear. In 1911, Governor Hiram Johnson made the “Bear Flag” the official state flag.


Colorado State Flag

January 13, 2009

 

Colorado State Flag

Colorado State Flag

This Centennial State’s flag consists of three horizontal stripes – the top and bottom stripes are blue and the middle stripe is white. There is a gold disk with a red “C” around it; the disk is the same size as the middle stripe. The Colorado flag was designed in 1911 by Andrew Carlisle Johnson and adopted on June 5th.

 

The exact shade of the red and blue was chosen in 1929 – it is the same as the U.S. flag. The blue represents the skies, the gold – the sun, the white – the snowy mountains and the red – the earth.


Connecticut State Flag

January 13, 2009

Connecticut State Flag

Connecticut State Flag

Connecticut’s flag consists of an azure blue background with a white shield in the center; the banner under the shield translates to “He who transplanted, sustains,” which is the state motto. The shield has three grapevines on it – each holds three bunches of grapes. The flag was approved by the Connecticut Assembly in 1897. In the original seal, there were 15 grapevines; this number was reduced to three to represent the three original colonies of New Haven, Saybrook and Connecticut (Hartford).


Happy New Year! Let’s start off the New Year with History!

January 7, 2009
NYENY

New Years Eve in New York City

Like just about anything out there, the American Flag did not materialize from nothing. Betsy Ross didn’t have an epiphany after striking her head in the kitchen while baking an apple pie, only to rush to the rocking chair and knit a red, white and blue tapestry. Other flags played roles in the creation and design of our own national insignia. To understand the history of the American Flag, I think I have to explain a little further beyond the history of the United States. Thanks to my holiday reading, I can do that! LOL! Okay, here we go:

Most everyone can recognize the British Flag. It’s colors are near identical to that of the American Flag, but with a much different design: red, white, and blue, with a red cross, and a white X over a blue background. This design, just like I stated above about the American Flag, was not just invented by the hottest graphic designer of the 1600’s. The earliest versions of this design was known as the King’s Colors, and rightfully so. You see, the creation of King’s Colors was influenced by two flags that flew for both Great Britain and Scotland. It was created in the early 17th century, following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, when Scotland’s King James VI took control of England. Elizabeth I had no heirs to take the throne, so James, King of Scotland (and ol’ Lizzy’s cousin), took over as King of England. To show unity between the two countries, their flags were combined.

St. Georges Cross Flag

St. Georges Cross Flag

Before the “merger,” England flew The St.George Cross Flag, which was white, bearing a red cross, and Scotland flew a blue flag with a big white X, known as The St. Andrew Flag. The two were combined in 1606 to create the King’s Colors. As I said above, “rightfully so,” because those were King James’ colors for both of his countries. Two decades later, the flag was renamed the Union Flag.

Now, my history lovin’ buffs, the Union Flag with its red, white and blue colors… was one of several flags that influenced the creation of our American Flag. How, you ask? Well, okay, I’ll share on… LOL! … if you know your history, you’re familiar that English settlers founded Jamestown, Virginia in the early 1600’s. With them, they brought their flag (which, in 1607, was still referred to as the King’s Colors). The King’s Colors flew atop the high mast of their ships, above the sails. Flown from the height of the highest mast, and above large billowing sails, the flag was not too easy to see from the shores below. So, English and Scottish ships began flying smaller Union Flags at the bow. Flown on the jack-staff, these became known as Union Jacks.

British Red Ensign Flag

British Red Ensign Flag

As the throne of England changed Kings over the years, more flags were created for the ships so their purposes could be identified. One flag, known as the English Red Ensign, was flown by some English Merchant Ships. It was solid red, and in the upper left corner (where the blue starfield on our American Flag is located), carried the cross of St. George. Another flag that came years later looked very similar to the Red Ensign. Known as the British Red Ensign, this flag also had a solid red body. It’s difference from its Red ensign predecessor was in the upper left corner, where the British Red Ensign adorned the Union Flag design. This flag was flown in Colonial America in the early 1700’s, and during the early stages of the Revolutionary War.

That’s a lot of flags! And I have more to tell you about as we get to the point of the lesson of how our American Flag came to be. But right now I think I’ll let you all digest what we’ve learned. Ah, hear that? The bell is ringing! LOL! This lesson is over. In our next class, we’ll discuss The Continental Navy Jack. This flag had stripes. Care to take a wild guess at what colors they are? Hint, hint!!!

I hope that everyone had an awesome 2008. I sure did! And Here’s to 2009! Talk to you again real soon!!!

Lexi